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No federal permit to keepWahrindi
Synodontis schall
Fishes › Catfish (Siluriformes) › Mochokidae (Synodontis and squeaker catfish)
Synodontis schall, the Wahrindi, is a species of upside-down catfish widespread in northern Africa.
Care at a glance
Species-specific aquarium care
- Tank: At least 72 in long and 30 in front to back for one adult (adults commonly reach about 14.6 in / 37 cm).
- Water: Freshwater.
- Temperature: 72–82°F (range recorded for this species).
- pH: 6–8.
- Hardness: 0–30 dGH.
- Layout: Uses both the bottom and open water: give open swimming space plus cover near the substrate.
- Diet: A predator: feed meaty foods sized to its mouth (frozen fish, shrimp, worms); it will eat tankmates that fit in its mouth. FishBase classes it as a carnivore.
- Availability: Rarely or never seen in the aquarium trade; expect to source it from specialists or not at all.
Calculated from this species' own FishBase record: tank size from its typical adult length and swimming zone, water values from its recorded ranges. The group guide below fills in general care.
Care guide
Species care notes
- Tank: a base of at least 47 × 24 in (roughly 114 US gallons); space needed is rated “large tank”.
- Water: a fairly wide range, from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, 72–81 °F, pH 6–8, 5–30 dGH.
- Behaviour: temperament predatory.
- Difficulty: Moderate (Seriously Fish rating).
Short excerpts from the species profile:
- Setup: “A dimly lit aquarium with a soft substrate and rocks, pieces of driftwood and twisted roots arranged to form hiding places suits this species.”
- Tankmates: “This is a very robust species and should be kept only with tankmates that can stand their own ground such as large Central American and African cichlids, large characins and barbs and loricariids.”
- Breeding: “Not recorded in aquaria but is bred in ponds and irrigation canals in its native lands.”
From the Seriously Fish profile for this species, which has the full habitat, maintenance, diet, behaviour and breeding write-up 167
Synodontis and squeaker catfish
Applies to most species in this group. Habitat: African mochokids include Synodontis from vegetated riverbanks and distinct species from rocky habitats in the East African Rift lakes. Individual species can differ, so compare with the species numbers above and the linked sources.
Housing & setup
- For a small S. nigriventris group, provide at least 75 × 30 × 30 cm (30 × 12 × 12 in), about 70 litres; larger species need more space.
- Use sand or another soft substrate to protect sensitive barbels.
- Provide plentiful daytime shelters: wood and roots for river species, rock caves for Rift-lake species.
- For S. nigriventris, use dim lighting and broad-leaved or floating vegetation with sheltered undersides for inverted resting.
- Separate water-chemistry plans: S. nigriventris is listed at pH 6.0–7.5 and 5–20 dGH; S. petricola at pH 7.5–8.5 and 10–35 dGH.
Climate & lighting
| Water | 75–82°F |
Diet
- Complete dried foods appropriate to adult size.
- Live or frozen aquatic foods as part of an omnivorous diet.
- Shelled peas or cucumber; S. nigriventris may also feed inverted at the surface.
Social life
- Keep S. nigriventris in groups of at least three or four and S. petricola in groups of four or more. Larger Synodontis can be territorial toward other catfish and eat small tankmates; provide separate shelters and ample space.
Health watch
- Barbel damage associated with abrasive substrate.
- Ammonia-related illness in poorly maintained systems.
- Nutritional deficiencies from an unbalanced diet.
Understanding the animal
About this animal
About this animal
This species is in the largest genus of the family Mochokidae.
Quoted from the Wikipedia article “Synodontis schall” (CC BY-SA 4.0) 174
In the wild
In the wild
From this species’ own FishBase record (habitat, bottom type, water and breeding data), not its family. Good care copies these conditions.1
| Where it lives | Lives in freshwater, in rivers and streams, lakes. Uses both the bottom and open water. Maximum TL was recorded at 47.0 cm. |
| Water it lives in | Freshwater, 72–82 °F (22–28 °C), pH 6–8, hardness 30 dH. |
| Climate | Tropical climate. |
| Wild diet | Hunting macrofauna (predator). |
What this means for care
- Keep water within its wild range, 72–82 °F.
Native climate (measured)
Native climate (measured)
| Warm-season highs | about 99°F (up to 104°F in the hottest sampled areas) |
| Cool-season lows | about 62°F (down to 58°F in the coldest sampled areas) |
| Average temperature | 78–83°F across sampled records |
| Relative humidity | 52–74% on average (driest month about 31%) |
| Rainfall | about 1051 mm a year, with strong wet and dry seasons |
Measured at 128 wild occurrence records sampled against WorldClim 2.1 climate data (1970–2000 averages). Air conditions in the range are ecological context, not enclosure settings: microhabitats such as burrows, leaf litter or basking rocks can be cooler, warmer or more humid.
From the sources
From the sources
Quoted from the matching sections of reputable sources for this exact species. Specialist databases are used first; Wikipedia (community-edited, CC BY-SA 4.0) only fills gaps. Other sources are short credited quotes.
| Overview | Synodontis schall, the Wahrindi, is a species of upside-down catfish widespread in northern Africa. This species is in the largest genus of the family Mochokidae. This species grows to a length of 49.0 cm TL. — Wikipedia (community-edited) |
| Where it lives | Home ranges Population dynamics Growth parameters Max. ages / sizes Length-weight rel. Length-frequencies Mass conversion Recruitment Abundance Life cycle Reproduction Maturity Maturity/Gills rel. — FishBase |
| Wild diet | The diet of Synodontis schall is one of macrophytes and algae, which are the two main types of food for them, fish and egg scales, insect larvae, and molluscs. This suggests that they are omnivores. — Wikipedia (community-edited) |
| Reproduction | Distinct pairing during breeding. — FishBase |
| Appearance and size | Maximum length 40.0 cm tl male/unsexed; maximum published weight 584.00 g; maximum reported age 12 years. — FishBase |
| Biology | Adults are omnivores feeding on insect larvae (especially chironomids, nymphs, eggs and detritus. Also on molluscs ), fish, bivalves in the Sudd and snails in Gezira irrigation canals. Breeding occurs during the flood season. — FishBase |
Data and studies
The numbers
The numbers
Each bar is what one source reports. Where several sources weigh in, the dashed gold band marks their average.
Maximum recorded lifespan
Longest recorded lifespan reported by each database; typical lifespans are usually shorter. The AnAge record comes from an animal in human care.
Typical adult weight
Average adult body mass in each database (FishBase gives the maximum recorded weight).
Adult length
Maximum recorded length. Measured as standard length (snout to the base of the tail, not counting the tail fin). Fish in home aquariums often stay smaller than wild records.
Water temperature
Range the species tolerates in nature; aim for the middle.
Water hardness
Minimum tank footprint
Seriously Fish recommends a tank base of at least 47 × 24 in (about 114 US gallons).
Sources for this sheet
- AnAge: The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database (Human Ageing Genomic Resources) Peer-reviewed researchCurated, referenced longevity and life-history records for thousands of species; maximum lifespans are often from zoo animals.
- FishBase (Froese & Pauly, eds.), version 24.07 Peer-reviewed researchThe global scientific database on fishes, maintained by a consortium of research institutions; every value is referenced.
- Seriously Fish species profiles Experienced keeper or breederLong-running aquarium reference written and peer-checked by experienced fishkeepers and ichthyologists; each profile covers habitat, tank size, water, diet, behaviour and breeding.
- Seriously Fish — synodontis nigriventris Experienced keeper or breederAdded in the 2026 source-checked care-guide review.
- Seriously Fish — synodontis petricola Experienced keeper or breederAdded in the 2026 source-checked care-guide review.
- Practical Fishkeeping — Frequently asked questions on Synodontis Experienced keeper or breederAdded in the 2026 source-checked care-guide review.
- Merck Veterinary Manual — Disorders and Diseases of Fish Zoo, university or veterinaryAdded in the 2026 source-checked care-guide review.
- Wikipedia (species article) Community referenceFree encyclopedia; useful overviews with their own citations. Intro text is quoted under CC BY-SA 4.0.
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