Home / Fishes / Catfish / Peppered corydoras
No federal permit to keepPeppered corydoras
Corydoras paleatus
Fishes › Catfish (Siluriformes) › Callichthyidae (Corydoras and armored catfish)
Hoplisoma paleatum, the blue leopard corydoras, mottled corydoras or peppered catfish, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Corydoradinae, the corys, of the family Callichthyidae, the armoured catfishes.
Care at a glance
Species-specific aquarium care
- Tank: At least 24 in long and 12 in front to back for one adult (adults commonly reach about 2.6 in / 6.6 cm).
- Water: Freshwater.
- Temperature: 64–73°F (range recorded for this species).
- pH: 6–8.
- Hardness: 5–19 dGH.
- Layout: Lives on or near the bottom: floor space and hiding places matter more than height.
- Diet: A predator: feed meaty foods sized to its mouth (frozen fish, shrimp, worms); it will eat tankmates that fit in its mouth. FishBase classes it as a carnivore.
Calculated from this species' own FishBase record: tank size from its typical adult length and swimming zone, water values from its recorded ranges. The group guide below fills in general care.
Care guide
Species care notes
- Tank: a base of at least 24 × 15 in (roughly 18 US gallons); space needed is rated “modest tank”.
- Water: soft, acidic water, 72–79 °F, pH 6–7, 0–12 dGH.
- Difficulty: Moderate (Seriously Fish rating).
Short excerpts from the species profile:
- Setup: “Corydoras species prefer sandy substrate as they enjoy rooting about in it looking for morsels of food.”
- Diet: “Gut analyses of wild specimens have shown it to be an opportunistic omnivore, consuming a range of worms, crustaceans, plant matter and other zoobenthos.”
- Tankmates: “Peaceful catfish for the smaller community aquarium.”
- Breeding: “Adopts typical corydoras spawning behaviour.”
From the Seriously Fish profile for this species, which has the full habitat, maintenance, diet, behaviour and breeding write-up 167
Corydoras and armored catfish
Applies to most species in this group. Habitat: Shallow South American streams. Individual species can differ, so compare with the species numbers above and the linked sources.
Housing & setup
- Soft sand substrate, groups of six or more, and clean water.
Diet
- Sinking pellets, wafers and frozen bloodworms.
Social life
- Keep in groups.
Health watch
- Barbel erosion on dirty or rough substrate.
Understanding the animal
About this animal
About this animal
This catfish is found in southeastern South America.
Quoted from the Wikipedia article “Hoplisoma paleatum” (CC BY-SA 4.0) 174
In the wild
In the wild
From this species’ own FishBase record (habitat, bottom type, water and breeding data), not its family. Good care copies these conditions.1
| Where it lives | Lives in freshwater, in rivers and streams. Stays near the bottom. |
| Water it lives in | Freshwater, 64–73 °F (18–23 °C), pH 6–8, hardness 5–19 dH. |
| Climate | Subtropical climate. |
| Wild diet | Hunting macrofauna (predator). |
| Behavior to plan for | Breeding: brood hiders. |
What this means for care
- Keep water within its wild range, 64–73 °F.
Native climate (measured)
Native climate (measured)
| Warm-season highs | about 86°F (up to 90°F in the hottest sampled areas) |
| Cool-season lows | about 46°F (down to 42°F in the coldest sampled areas) |
| Average temperature | 62–68°F across sampled records |
| Relative humidity | 72–77% on average (driest month about 68%) |
| Rainfall | about 1412 mm a year, spread fairly evenly |
Measured at 182 wild occurrence records sampled against WorldClim 2.1 climate data (1970–2000 averages). Air conditions in the range are ecological context, not enclosure settings: microhabitats such as burrows, leaf litter or basking rocks can be cooler, warmer or more humid.
From the sources
From the sources
Quoted from the matching sections of reputable sources for this exact species. Specialist databases are used first; Wikipedia (community-edited, CC BY-SA 4.0) only fills gaps. Other sources are short credited quotes.
| Overview | Hoplisoma paleatum, the blue leopard corydoras, mottled corydoras or peppered catfish, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Corydoradinae, the corys, of the family Callichthyidae, the armoured catfishes. This catfish is found in southeastern South America. — Wikipedia (community-edited) |
| Where it lives | Home ranges Population dynamics Growth parameters Max. ages / sizes Length-weight rel. Length-frequencies Mass conversion Recruitment Abundance Life cycle Reproduction Maturity Maturity/Gills rel. — FishBase |
| Reproduction | The female holds 2-4 eggs between her pelvic fins, where the male fertilizes them for about 30 seconds. Only then the female swims to a suitable spot, where she attaches the very sticky eggs. The pair repeats this process until about 100 eggs have been fertilized and attached. — FishBase |
| Appearance and size | Hoplisoma paleatum reaches about 5.9–7 cm SL. The male is smaller than the female, and in proportion to body length, the dorsal fin and pectoral fins are longer on the male than the female. — Wikipedia (community-edited) |
| Biology | Facultative air-breathing; Found in ponds. Feeds on worms, crustaceans, insects and plant matter. Aquarium keeping: in groups of 5 or more individuals; minimum aquarium size 60 cm. — FishBase |
Data and studies
The numbers
The numbers
Each bar is what one source reports. Where several sources weigh in, the dashed gold band marks their average.
Typical adult weight
Average adult body mass in each database (FishBase gives the maximum recorded weight).
Adult length
Maximum recorded length. Measured as standard length (snout to the base of the tail, not counting the tail fin). Fish in home aquariums often stay smaller than wild records.
Water temperature
Range the species tolerates in nature; aim for the middle.
Minimum tank footprint
Seriously Fish recommends a tank base of at least 24 × 15 in (about 18 US gallons).
Sources for this sheet
- FishBase (Froese & Pauly, eds.), version 24.07 Peer-reviewed researchThe global scientific database on fishes, maintained by a consortium of research institutions; every value is referenced.
- Seriously Fish species profiles Experienced keeper or breederLong-running aquarium reference written and peer-checked by experienced fishkeepers and ichthyologists; each profile covers habitat, tank size, water, diet, behaviour and breeding.
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Management of aquarium fish Zoo, university or veterinaryThe Merck Veterinary Manual: a standard veterinary reference written and reviewed by veterinary specialists.
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Types and features of aquatic systems Zoo, university or veterinaryThe Merck Veterinary Manual: a standard veterinary reference written and reviewed by veterinary specialists.
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Nutritional diseases of fish Zoo, university or veterinaryThe Merck Veterinary Manual: a standard veterinary reference written and reviewed by veterinary specialists.
- Wikipedia (species article) Community referenceFree encyclopedia; useful overviews with their own citations. Intro text is quoted under CC BY-SA 4.0.
More corydoras and armored catfish
Adolfo's catfish
Corydoras adolfoi
Aquarium hobby
Agassiz's corydoras
Corydoras agassizii
Aquarium hobby
Amanda Jane's cory
Corydoras amandajanea
Aquarium hobby
Aspidoras taurus
Aspidoras taurus
Aquarium hobby
Banded corydoras
Scleromystax barbatus
Aquarium hobby
Bandit corydoras
Corydoras melini
Aquarium hobby